History of Fort Myers, Florida

Fort Myers, located on the southwest coast of Florida, has a rich and diverse history that spans centuries. From its indigenous beginnings to its modern-day role as a vibrant tourist and retirement destination, the history of Fort Myers is filled with fascinating events and cultural shifts. This article explores the evolution of the city, from its early native inhabitants to its development into a major urban center in Florida.

Early Native Inhabitants

The Calusa Tribe

Before European colonization, the region now known as Fort Myers was home to the Calusa people, a powerful and sophisticated Native American tribe. The Calusa were known for their advanced construction techniques, using shells to build complex structures such as canals, shell mounds, and artificial islands. They lived along the coastal regions and relied on the rich marine environment for sustenance, fishing, and gathering shellfish.

Calusa Society and Culture

The Calusa were skilled warriors and had an elaborate society, with a chiefdom that controlled much of South Florida. Their religious beliefs were centered around the idea of ancestor worship, and they left behind intricate artifacts, such as carvings and pottery, that give insight into their way of life.

European Contact and Decline

The first contact between the Calusa and Europeans came in the early 1500s when Spanish explorer Juan Ponce de León arrived in Florida. While the Calusa initially resisted European influence, the introduction of new diseases, warfare, and the encroachment of settlers eventually led to the decline of their population. By the 1700s, the Calusa had been largely displaced or assimilated by other groups.

Establishment of Fort Myers

Military Origins

Fort Myers was named after Colonel Abraham C. Myers, the son-in-law of the commander of Fort Brooke in Tampa. The fort itself was established in 1850 as a military outpost during the Seminole Wars. Its strategic location along the Caloosahatchee River made it an ideal spot for military operations aimed at controlling the local Seminole population.

Role in the Seminole Wars

Fort Myers played a crucial role during the Seminole Wars, serving as a base for U.S. military operations. The fort was involved in several skirmishes and campaigns aimed at removing the Seminole people from the region. While the Seminole Wars were long and costly, Fort Myers remained a key stronghold throughout the conflict.

Civil War and Reconstruction

During the American Civil War, Fort Myers served as a Union outpost in Confederate-controlled Florida. It was one of the few Union-held forts in the state and became a refuge for escaped slaves and pro-Union sympathizers. After the war, the fort was abandoned, and the area remained sparsely populated until the late 19th century.

Development in the Late 19th Century

Settlement and Growth

Fort Myers began to experience significant growth in the late 1800s as settlers moved into the region, attracted by the fertile land and access to waterways. The establishment of cattle ranching, farming, and fishing industries helped fuel the early economy. By the 1880s, Fort Myers had become a small but thriving community.

Arrival of the Railroad

The arrival of the Atlantic Coast Line Railroad in 1904 marked a turning point for Fort Myers. The railroad connected the town to larger markets and spurred a wave of development. Hotels, businesses, and residential neighborhoods began to spring up, attracting tourists and new residents alike.

Edison and Ford Influence

One of the most notable events in the city’s history was the arrival of Thomas Edison in 1885. The famous inventor purchased land in Fort Myers and built a winter estate, where he conducted experiments and enjoyed the warm climate. Edison’s presence helped put Fort Myers on the map, attracting other wealthy individuals, including his friend Henry Ford, who also built a winter home in the city.

Fort Myers in the 20th Century

Early 20th Century Development

By the early 20th century, Fort Myers had firmly established itself as a key economic hub in Southwest Florida. Agriculture, particularly the production of citrus and vegetables, became a major industry. The construction of new roads, bridges, and infrastructure facilitated the city’s growth.

The Boom and Bust of the 1920s

Like much of Florida, Fort Myers experienced a land boom in the 1920s. Speculators and developers flocked to the area, driving up property prices and sparking a wave of new construction. However, the boom was short-lived, and the real estate market collapsed by the end of the decade, leading to financial hardships for many residents.

Impact of the Great Depression

The Great Depression had a profound impact on Fort Myers, as it did on much of the country. Economic activity slowed, and many businesses closed. However, the city managed to weather the storm, thanks in part to its agricultural base and the influx of federal New Deal programs that provided jobs and infrastructure improvements.

Fort Myers During World War II

Military Significance

During World War II, Fort Myers once again played a military role, serving as the site of Page Field, an airbase used for training pilots. The city’s population grew as servicemen and women moved into the area, and new industries developed to support the war effort.

Post-War Growth and Expansion

After the war, Fort Myers entered a period of rapid growth and modernization. The city’s population expanded, and new suburbs and shopping centers were built to accommodate the influx of residents. The tourism industry also took off, with the city becoming a popular destination for retirees and vacationers seeking warm weather and beautiful beaches.

Fort Myers in the Modern Era

Tourism and Economic Development

By the latter half of the 20th century, tourism had become a cornerstone of Fort Myers’ economy. The city’s proximity to the Gulf of Mexico and its historic attractions, such as the Edison and Ford Winter Estates, drew visitors from across the country. The construction of new hotels, resorts, and attractions helped solidify Fort Myers’ reputation as a premier vacation destination.

Hurricane Impact

Fort Myers has faced several hurricanes over the years, including Hurricane Donna in 1960 and Hurricane Charley in 2004. These storms caused significant damage to the city, but each time, Fort Myers rebuilt and emerged stronger. The community’s resilience in the face of natural disasters is a testament to its enduring spirit.

Historical Landmarks in Fort Myers

Fort Myers is home to several historical landmarks that reflect its rich history. Here are some of the most notable sites:

Edison and Ford Winter Estates

The Edison and Ford Winter Estates are perhaps the most famous landmarks in Fort Myers. These historic homes were the winter residences of Thomas Edison and Henry Ford, and today they are open to the public as museums. Visitors can tour the estates, learn about Edison’s experiments, and explore the beautiful gardens.

Fort Myers Historical Museum

The Fort Myers Historical Museum offers a comprehensive look at the city’s past, with exhibits that cover everything from the Calusa people to the city’s role in the Seminole Wars and beyond. The museum is a must-visit for history buffs interested in learning more about the region’s development.

The Burroughs Home & Gardens

Built in 1901, the Burroughs Home is one of the finest examples of Georgian Revival architecture in Southwest Florida. The home was owned by one of the city’s most prominent families and today serves as a museum and event space. The surrounding gardens provide a glimpse into the lifestyle of Fort Myers’ early elite.

Population and Demographic Changes Over Time

Early Population Trends

Fort Myers remained a relatively small town well into the 20th century, with a population of just a few thousand residents. The city’s growth began to accelerate after World War II, as more people moved to Florida to take advantage of the warm climate and economic opportunities.

Post-War Boom and Suburbanization

The population boom in Fort Myers after World War II was part of a larger trend of suburbanization that occurred throughout the United States. New housing developments sprang up, and the city expanded its boundaries to accommodate the growing number of residents. By the 1970s, Fort Myers had transformed from a small town into a bustling urban center.

Modern-Day Fort Myers

Today, Fort Myers is one of the fastest-growing cities in Florida. With a population of over 87,000 people, the city continues to attract new residents, particularly retirees looking for a warm climate and a high quality of life. The demographic makeup of Fort Myers has also become more diverse, reflecting broader national trends.

Cultural and Economic Shifts

The Role of Tourism

Tourism has long been a driving force in Fort Myers’ economy, and this remains true today. The city’s beautiful beaches, historic sites, and outdoor recreational opportunities continue to draw visitors from around the world. In recent years, eco-tourism and cultural tourism have emerged as growing sectors, with more visitors seeking out natural experiences and historical insights.

Retirement and Real Estate

Fort Myers has also become a popular retirement destination, with many new housing developments aimed at older adults. The city’s real estate market has seen significant growth, with new homes, condos, and retirement communities being built to meet demand.

Emerging Industries

In addition to tourism and real estate, Fort Myers is home to a variety of emerging industries. Healthcare, education, and technology sectors have grown in recent years, helping to diversify the local economy and create new job opportunities.

Conclusion

The history of Fort Myers, FL, is a story of resilience, growth, and transformation. From its early days as a Calusa stronghold to its role as a military fort and, later, a thriving tourist destination, Fort Myers has evolved into a dynamic city that continues to attract new residents and visitors alike. Whether you’re exploring its historic landmarks or enjoying its natural beauty, Fort Myers remains a city deeply rooted in its past while looking forward to the future.